In the project management context, integration includes characteristics of unification, consolidation, communication, and integrative actions that are crucial to controlled project execution through completion, successfully managing stakeholder expectations, and meeting requirements.
Project Integration Management includes making choices about resource allocation, making trade-offs among competing objectives and alternatives, and managing the inter-dependencies among the project management Knowledge Areas.
4.1 Develop Project Charter
● Develop Project Charter is the process of developing a document that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities.
The key benefit of this process is a well-defined project start and project boundaries, creation of a formal record of the project, and a direct way for senior management to formally accept and commit to the project.
4.1.1 Develop Project Charter: Inputs
4.1.1.1 Project Statement of Work
The project statement of work (SOW) is a narrative(敘述) description of products, services, or results to be delivered by a project.
For internal projects, the project initiator (發起人) or sponsor provides the statement of work based on business needs, product, or service requirements.
For external projects, the statement of work can be received from the customer as part of a bid document, (e.g., a request for proposal, request for information, or request for bid) or as part of a contract.
The SOW references the following:
- Business need - An organization's business need may be based on a market demand, technological advance, legal requirement, government regulation, or environmental consideration.
Typically, the business need and the cost-benefit analysis are contained in the business case to justify the project. - Product scope description - The product scope description documents the characteristics of the product, service, or results that the project will be undertaken to create. The description should also document the relationship between the products, services, or results being created and the business need that the project will address.
- Strategic plan - The strategic plan documents the organization's strategic vision, goals, and objectives and may contain a high-level mission statement.
4.1.1.2 Business Case (商業論證)
The business case describes the necessary information from a business standpoint to determine whether or not the project is worth the required investment.
It is commonly used for decision making by managers or executives above the project level.
The business need and the cost-benefit analysis are contained in the business case to justify and establish boundaries for the project.
The business case is created as a result of one or more of the following:
- Market demand (e.g., a car company authorizing a project to build more fuel-efficient cars in response to gasoline shortages),
- Organizational need (e.g., due to high overhead costs a company may combine staff functions and streamline processes to reduce costs.),
- Customer request (e.g., an electric utility authorizing a project to build a new substation to serve a new industrial park),
- Technological advance (e.g., an airline authorizing a new project to develop electronic tickets instead of paper tickets based on technological advances),
- Legal requirement (e.g., a paint manufacturer authorizing a project to establish guidelines for handling toxic materials),
- Ecological (生態) impacts (e.g., a company authorizing a project to lessen its environmental impact), or
- Social need (e.g., a nongovernmental organization in a developing country authorizing a project to provide potable water systems, latrines, and sanitation education to communities suffering from high rates of cholera).
4.1.1.4 Enterprise Environmental Factors
The enterprise environmental factors that can influence the Develop Project Charter process include, but are not limited to:
- Governmental standards, industry standards, or regulations (e.g. codes of conduct, quality standards, or worker protection standards),
- Organizational culture and structure, and
- Marketplace conditions.
4.1.1.5 Organizational Process Assets
The organizational process assets that can influence the Develop Project Charter process include, but are not limited to:
- Organizational standard processes, policies, and process definitions,
- Templates (e.g., project charter template), and
- Historical information and lessons learned knowledge base (e.g., projects, records, and documents; all project closure information and documentation; information about both the results of previous project selection decisions and previous project performance information; and information from the risk management activity).
4.2 Develop Project Management Plan
Develop Project Management Plan is the process of defining, preparing, and coordinating all subsidiary plans and integrating them into a comprehensive project management plan.
The project management plan defines how the project is executed, monitored and controlled, and closed.
This process results in a project management plan that is progressively elaborated by updates, and controlled and approved through the Perform Integrated Change Control process.
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